Gum diseases could be categorized into two broad groups, namely gingivitis and periodontitis.
Gingivitis can be an inflammation from the gingivae (gums) in all ages but manifests more often in children and the younger generation.
Periodontitis is an inflammation with subsequent destruction of the other tooth-supporting structures, namely the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum and subsequent decrease of teeth. This problem mainly manifests in early middle age with severity increasing from the elderly.
Gingivitis can or may progress to periodontitis state in a individual.
Gum diseases have been located to become one of the most widespread chronic diseases around the world which has a prevalence of between 90 and 100 per cent in grown-ups over 35 years of age in developing countries. It’s got already been shown to be the main cause of loss of teeth in individuals 40 years and above.
Smelly breath is amongst the major consequences of gum diseases.
A few of the terms which can be greatly associated with terrible breath and gum diseases are as follows:
Dental Plaque- The main dependence on the prevention and management of an ailment is surely an understanding of its causes. The principal reason behind gum diseases is bacteria, which form a fancy around the tooth surface referred to as plaque. These bacteria’s include the source of terrible breath.
Dental plaque is bacterial accumulations for the teeth or any other solid oral structures. When it is of sufficient thickness, it seems as being a whitish, yellowish layer mainly over the gum margins about the tooth surface. Its presence can be discerned by the conventional dye or fluorescent dye (demonstrated by illumination with ultraviolet light), disclosing solution or by scraping the teeth surface along the gum margins.
When plaque is examined underneath the microscope, it reveals a multitude of a variety of bacteria. Some desquamated oral epithelial cells and white blood cells can also be present. The micro-organisms detected vary based on the site where these are present.
You will find gram positive and gram negative organisms, filamentous and flagellated organisms, spirochetes or even small variety of even yeasts, mycoplasma and protozoa.
Clean tooth surfaces after brushing are typically included in a skinny layer of glycoproteins from saliva called pellicle. Pellicle provides for the selective adherence of bacteria for the tooth surface.
Through the first few hours, the bacteria proliferate to make colonies. Moreover, other organisms will also populate the pellicle from adjacent areas to form a complex accumulation of mixed colonies. The information present relating to the bacteria is known as intermicrobial matrix forming about 25 per cent from the plaque volume. This matrix is mainly extra cellular carbohydrate polymers created by the bacteria from dietary sugars; salivary and gingival fluid components; and dying and dead bacteria.
Small amounts of plaque are compatible with gingival or periodontal health. A lot of people can resist larger amounts of plaque for very long periods without developing destructive periodontitis (inflammation and destruction with the supporting tissues) but they will exhibit gingivitis (inflammation of the gums or gingiva).
Diet And Plaque Formation- Diet may play a significant part in plaque formation by modifying just how much and composition of plaque. More the plaque formation would be, there’ll be more halitosis bad breath.
Fermentable sugars increase plaque formation simply because they provide additional energy supply for bacterial metabolic process and offer the recycleables (substrate) for your output of extra cellular polysaccharides.
Secondary Factors
Although plaque may be the responsible for gum diseases, numerous others thought to be secondary factors, local and systemic, predispose towards plaque accumulation or customize the response of gum tissue to plaque. The area factors are:
1) Cavities inside the teeth;
2) Faulty fillings;
3) Food impaction;
4) Poorly designed partial dentures (dentures);
5) Orthodontic appliances;
6) Misaligned teeth;
7) mouth-breathing
8) Grooves on teeth or roots near gum margins;
9) Reduced salivary flow; and,
10) Tobacco smoking.
The systemic factors which potentially impact the gum tissues are:
1) Systemic diseases, e.g. type 2 diabetes, Down’s syndrome, AIDS, blood disorders yet others;
2) Hormonal changes – during puberty, pregnancy, contraceptives intake and menopause;
3) Drug reactions, e.g. immunosuppressive drugs, antihypertensive drugs and antiepileptic drugs; and,
4) Dietary and nutritional factors, e.g. protein deficiency and vit c and B deficiency.
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