Gum diseases may be categorized into two broad groups, namely gingivitis and periodontitis.
Gingivitis is surely an inflammation with the gingivae (gums) in most age brackets but manifests with greater frequency in children and young adults.
Periodontitis is definitely an inflammation with subsequent destruction in the other tooth-supporting structures, namely the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum and subsequent loss of teeth. This disorder mainly manifests noisy . middle age with severity increasing within the elderly.
Gingivitis can or may progress to periodontitis state in the individual.
Gum diseases have been located to be one of the most widespread chronic diseases all over the world with a prevalence which can be between 90 and 100 % in grown-ups over 35 yrs . old in developing countries. It’s got already been proved to be the explanation for tooth loss in individuals Four decades and above.
Smelly breath is one of the major consequences of gum diseases.
Some of the terms which are greatly related to smelly breath and gum diseases are as follows:
Dental Plaque- The fundamental dependence on the prevention and treatment of a disease is an comprehension of its causes. The main reason behind gum diseases is bacteria, which form a fancy on the tooth surface known as plaque. These bacteria’s are the cause of terrible breath.
Dental plaque is bacterial accumulations around the teeth and other solid oral structures. When it is of sufficient thickness, it appears as being a whitish, yellowish layer mainly down the gum margins for the tooth surface. Its presence can be discerned with a conventional dye or fluorescent dye (demonstrated by illumination with ultraviolet light), disclosing solution or by scraping your tooth surface down the gum margins.
When plaque is examined within the microscope, it reveals many a variety of bacteria. Some desquamated oral epithelial cells and white blood cells can also be present. The micro-organisms detected vary in accordance with the site where they may be present.
There are gram positive and gram negative organisms, filamentous and flagellated organisms, spirochetes and occasionally small numbers of even yeasts, mycoplasma and protozoa.
Clean tooth surfaces after brushing are normally protected by a skinny layer of glycoproteins from saliva called pellicle. Pellicle allows for the selective adherence of bacteria on the tooth surface.
Throughout the first few hours, the bacteria proliferate to form colonies. In addition, other organisms will likely populate the pellicle from adjacent areas to make a complex accumulation of mixed colonies. The pad present between your bacteria is termed intermicrobial matrix forming about 25 % from the plaque volume. This matrix is principally extra cellular carbohydrate polymers produced by the bacteria from dietary sugars; salivary and gingival fluid components; and dying and dead bacteria.
Small quantities of plaque are works with gingival or periodontal health. Some individuals can resist larger amounts of plaque for lengthy periods without developing destructive periodontitis (inflammation and destruction in the supporting tissues) even though they will exhibit gingivitis (inflammation with the gums or gingiva).
Diet And Plaque Formation- Diet may play an essential part in plaque formation by modifying just how much and composition of plaque. More the plaque formation could be, there will be more terrible breath.
Fermentable sugars increase plaque formation given that they provide additional energy supply for bacterial metabolism and offer the garbage (substrate) for the production of extra cellular polysaccharides.
Secondary Factors
Although plaque could be the primary cause of gum diseases, several others regarded as secondary factors, local and systemic, predispose towards plaque accumulation or affect the response of gum tissue to plaque. The area factors are:
1) Cavities from the teeth;
2) Faulty fillings;
3) Food impaction;
4) Poorly designed partial dentures (dentures);
5) Orthodontic appliances;
6) Misaligned teeth;
7) mouth-breathing
8) Grooves on teeth or roots near gum margins;
9) Reduced salivary flow; and,
10) Smoking cigarettes.
The systemic factors which potentially modify the gum tissues are:
1) Systemic diseases, e.g. diabetes, Down’s syndrome, AIDS, blood disorders and others;
2) Hormonal changes – during puberty, pregnancy, contraceptives intake and menopause;
3) Drug reactions, e.g. immunosuppressive drugs, antihypertensive drugs and antiepileptic drugs; and,
4) Dietary and nutritional factors, e.g. protein deficiency and ascorbic acid and B deficiency.
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