Gum diseases might be categorized into two broad groups, namely gingivitis and periodontitis.
Gingivitis is surely an inflammation from the gingivae (gums) in most ages but manifests more frequently in children and the younger generation.
Periodontitis is an inflammation with subsequent destruction with the other tooth-supporting structures, namely the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum and subsequent decrease of teeth. This disorder mainly manifests in early mid-life with severity increasing in the elderly.
Gingivitis can or may progress to periodontitis state within an individual.
Gum diseases have been found to become probably the most widespread chronic diseases throughout the world having a prevalence which can be between 90 and 100 per cent in older adults over 35 years old in developing countries. It has recently been shown to be the main cause of tooth loss in individuals Forty years and above.
Smelly breath is among the major consequences of gum diseases.
Many of the terms which are greatly linked to halitosis bad breath and gum diseases are as follows:
Dental Plaque- The essential requirement for the prevention and management of a disease can be an understanding of its causes. The key reason behind gum diseases is bacteria, which form an intricate about the tooth surface generally known as plaque. These bacteria’s include the source of bad breath.
Dental plaque is bacterial accumulations on the teeth and other solid oral structures. When it’s of sufficient thickness, it appears as a whitish, yellowish layer mainly over the gum margins for the tooth surface. Its presence can even be discerned by a conventional dye or fluorescent dye (demonstrated by illumination with ultraviolet light), disclosing solution or by scraping your tooth surface across the gum margins.
When plaque is examined within the microscope, it reveals a variety of several types of bacteria. Some desquamated oral epithelial cells and white blood cells can also be present. The micro-organisms detected vary in accordance with the site where they’re present.
You’ll find gram positive and gram negative organisms, filamentous and flagellated organisms, spirochetes and sometimes even small quantities of even yeasts, mycoplasma and protozoa.
Clean tooth surfaces after brushing tend to be paid by a skinny layer of glycoproteins from saliva called pellicle. Pellicle provides for the selective adherence of bacteria to the tooth surface.
In the initial few hours, the bacteria proliferate to form colonies. Furthermore, other organisms may also populate the pellicle from adjacent areas to create a complex accumulation of mixed colonies. The information present relating to the bacteria is known as intermicrobial matrix forming about 25 % of the plaque volume. This matrix is mainly extra cellular carbohydrate polymers produced by the bacteria from dietary sugars; salivary and gingival fluid components; and dying and dead bacteria.
Small quantities of plaque are works with gingival or periodontal health. Some individuals can resist larger numbers of plaque for lengthy periods without developing destructive periodontitis (inflammation and destruction from the supporting tissues) whilst they will exhibit gingivitis (inflammation from the gums or gingiva).
Diet And Plaque Formation- Diet may play an important part in plaque formation by modifying the total amount and composition of plaque. More the plaque formation would be, you will have more bad breath.
Fermentable sugars increase plaque formation since they provide additional energy supply for bacterial metabolic process in addition provide the recycleables (substrate) for the output of extra cellular polysaccharides.
Secondary Factors
Although plaque is the responsible for gum diseases, a number of others thought to be secondary factors, local and systemic, predispose towards plaque accumulation or affect the response of gum tissue to plaque. The area factors are:
1) Cavities in the teeth;
2) Faulty fillings;
3) Food impaction;
4) Poorly designed partial dentures (dentures);
5) Orthodontic appliances;
6) Misaligned teeth;
7) mouth-breathing
8) Grooves on teeth or roots near gum margins;
9) Reduced salivary flow; and,
10) Cigarette smoking.
The systemic factors which potentially affect the gum tissues are:
1) Systemic diseases, e.g. diabetes, Down’s syndrome, AIDS, blood disorders and others;
2) Hormonal changes – during puberty, pregnancy, contraceptives intake and menopause;
3) Drug reactions, e.g. immunosuppressive drugs, antihypertensive drugs and antiepileptic drugs; and,
4) Dietary and nutritional factors, e.g. protein deficiency and vit c and B deficiency.
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